The book gathers Coue's account of his method together with maxims, clinic observations, notes on education, and letters from people he treated. Its starting point is a distinction between two selves: a conscious self with an unreliable memory, and an unconscious self that records everything, accepts ideas with docility, and quietly governs the body and most of our acts.
From this Coue draws his governing rule. The will we are so proud of always yields to the imagination. He illustrates it with the plank that anyone can cross on the ground but few can cross between two towers, with insomnia that worsens the harder one tries to sleep, and with the cyclist who steers into the obstacle he strains to avoid. In each case the picture in the mind, not the effort of the will, decides the outcome.
Because the imagination is decisive, it must be trained rather than overpowered. Coue compares it to a torrent that can be turned to useful work or an unbroken horse that can be bridled. The means of guiding it is autosuggestion: weighing calmly what one wants and then repeating, without effort, that the thing is coming or going. A suggestion only works once the unconscious has assimilated it into a suggestion of one's own.
Coue lays out a practical procedure. Patients are first shown simple experiments so they feel the imagination at work, then given soothing general suggestions about appetite, sleep, mood, and the organs. The daily home practice is to repeat twenty times, morning and night, moving the lips and counting on a knotted string, the formula: Every day, in every respect, I am getting better and better. The general words in every respect let the unconscious apply the suggestion wherever it is needed.
The closing sections fill in the spirit of the method. It is to be used with confidence and faith and never with strain, since effort invites the will to interfere. The book frames the practice as self-liberation: the power to be well and content is already within each person, and the practitioner's role is only to teach them to use it. The case reports and letters are presented as evidence, though many describe physical cures that a modern reader will weigh with caution.